推进天保工程建设 构建林区和谐社会

本文针对2008年初我国南方出现的雪凝灾害对我县自然林区的破坏,现就如何继续推进天保工程建设,弥补我县林区损失,构建林区和谐社会作如下探讨。     

法律经济学视野下的地理标志保护

地理标志是一种无形产权意义上的商业标志，保护地理标志能给所标志者带来重大的经济利益。从市场结构、消费者与生产者之间信息不对称以及产品信誉的角度，透过法律的面纱从经济根源上分析了为什么要保护地理标志。最后针对我国地理标志保护意识薄弱的现状提出法律保护建议。     

Updating Seminal Studies of Entrepreneurial Researchers in the 60's to the 90's

ABSTRACT

As early as the 1960's various researchers of African and Nigerian small business and entrepreneurship like P. Schatz, P. Kilby, J. Harris and M. Rowe, A. Ale, W. Nafziger, J. Wilde and others have been debating. Their argument is with attempt to trace and identify the factors which continue to stunt the growth and development of small and medium enterprises (SME's) and entrepreneurship in Africa and in Nigeria. The investigations carried out by these and other researchers on this subject should be accepted as pertinent and justifiable. This is especially so, in consideration of the abundant availability of both natural and mineral resources for use as raw materials within the continent. In addition, enormous amount of funds has been expended alongside immense attention and effort by governments towards the development of small-scale industries and entrepreneurship. A number of external factors therefore, like inadequate infrastructure, scarcity of machines, spare parts and equipment, lack of information, paucity of raw material supplies and problem with government policies and officials as well as cultural factors have been identified among the most serious obstacles. Internal factors such as poor organizational planning, problems of succession, inadequate re-investment of profits, lack of capital and poor managerial skills have also been noted by other researchers as main growth barriers. This research updated earlier work done by these different groups of researchers with reference to the small plastics manufacturing sector in Nigeria to see if there have been any changes in the last 10-30 years of study. The findings revealed that there has hardly been any significant difference in terms of improvement especially of external constraints observed between the 1960's and 1990's. However, the study found a number of progressive internal improvements being applied in other small plastic manufacturing businesses. Recently, some small plastics manufacturing entrepreneurs on their own initiative have learned to create and innovate various ways of coping with constraints facing their businesses independently.     

内部控制、治理环境与投资者保护

本文研究了内部控制质量对投资者保护的影响,以及不同治理环境对内部控制治理功能的影响。研究发现:内部控制质量的提高,或更为充分的内控信息披露有助于抑制大股东资金占用,有助于抑制经理人与股东之间的代理成本;治理环境越差的地区,内部控制治理效应越高。这说明,对于投资者保护较弱的地区,内部控制可能成为补偿弱投资者保护负面影响的一种替代机制。本文研究意味着,近年来推出的内部控制相关制度起到了积极的效果;此外,完善上市公司内部控制,对于治理环境较差、投资者利益得不到有效保障的地区显得尤为重要。     

中国的农业遗产研究:进展与变化

当前中国农业遗产的保护与开发正在不断升温,社会各界关注日增,同时也对农业遗产研究提出了更高的要求。本文首先对中国的农业遗产的概念进行了界定,回顾了中国农业遗产研究兴起的历史背景与各阶段主要特征。在此基础上阐述了近年来中国农业遗产研究在研究重心、研究方法和研究领域等方面的诸多变化,肯定其卓越成果,并指出今后的农业遗产研究不仅应进一步丰富其研究内容、拓展其研究手段,而且要努力从单纯的静态研究向动态研究转化,在关注社会民生与加强农业文化遗产保护和利用方面投入更多的力量。     

合理设计生态税,有效保护环境

改革开放带来中国经济的高速发展,同时也不可避免地带来了环境问题。如何采取切实的手段保护环境成为政府、学者及公众关心的话题。文章以环境保护为出发点,试图通过建立有效的生态税制度,直接或间接将环境的损害者和受益者纳入到税收体系,从而引导、规范纳税人的行为,以保证环保政策的有效执行。     

The economics of rules of origin

Rules of origin of free trade arrangements limit the use of inputs from outside the preferential trade zone. A government negotiating a future FTAcan manipulate these rules in order to achieve national welfare objectives. The correct definition of rules of origin may help to enhance demand for domestically produced goods, promote national technological development, and maximize labour income. This paper proves that a more stringent rule of origin implies an increase of demand for the domestic factor if the substitution effect prevails over the effects caused by the decrease of the scale of operation in the domestic plant, and the reallocation of output between domestic and foreign plants. We further show that policy decisions regarding rules of origin that intertemporally maximize welfare and foster domestic technological evolution should be made at the greatest level of disaggregation that is feasible.     

生产研究的大趋势：管理与技术紧密结合

在进入信息时代和市场需求呈现多样化的今天，工业生产和生产研究依然是创造物质财富和市场需求最重要的基础。信息时代和需求多样化给生产研究领域带来了诸多全新研究课题。下一个世纪生产研究的大趋势将是管理和技术并驾齐驱，二者紧密结合。制约因素管理能够充分利用管理人员的智慧，靠抓住关键因素进行系统整体管理，不断在新的层次上加强管理和技术的密切结合，事半功倍地提高企业经济效益     

从重置到重生:居住性历史文化街区生活真实性的保护

在居住性历史文化街区的改造中,往往由于忽视对生活真实性的保护,造成保护和更新中的重置现象。从常见的全盘重置、功能重置、居民重置入手,对居住性历史文化街区保护和更新实践进行反思。提出,在居住性历史文化街区保护和更新中,风貌保护是生活真实性延续的基础,功能保全是生活真实性延续的载体,居民保有是生活真实性延续的主体,只有减少重置现象,街区才能真正获得重生。     

危机背景下金融消费者保护法律制度研究

美国金融危机中凸显的众多金融消费者利益严重受损的事实使我们意识到,金融产品尤其是金融衍生品的复杂特性使得金融消费者比一般消费者更为弱势,需要专门的机构和立法予以特别保护。我国对金融消费者尚无准确的界定,金融消费者很难列入《消费者权益保护法》的调整范畴,其他涉及金融消费者保护的内容散见于诸多法律法规和部门规章中,可以借鉴美国金融改革的有益经验,逐步完善我国金融消费者保护法律制度。